6.4. 常见词根词缀

英文的词根大多来自拉丁语；而常用词缀，包括前缀和后缀 —— 它们都是表意的。

6.4.1. 常见前缀

1. un- (not, opposite of)

• unhappy ʌnˈhæp.i
• unknown ʌnˈnoʊn
• unusual ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl

2. re- (again, back)

• redo riːˈduː
• review rɪˈvjuː
• return rɪˈtɝːn

3. in- (not, into)

• incomplete ˌɪn.kəmˈpliːt
• invisible ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl
• inside ɪnˈsaɪd

4. dis- (not, opposite of)

• disagree ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː
• disappear ˌdɪs.əˈpɪr
• disconnect ˌdɪs.kəˈnekt

5. pre- (before)

• preview ˈpriː.vjuː
• predict prɪˈdɪkt
• preschool ˈpriː.skuːl

6. mis- (wrongly)

• misunderstand ˌmɪs.ʌn.dɚˈstænd
• misplace ˌmɪsˈpleɪs
• mislead ˌmɪsˈliːd

7. non- (not)

• nonstick ˌnɑːnˈstɪk
• nonprofit nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt
• nonviolent ˌnɑːnˈvaɪə.lənt

8. over- (too much)

• overeat ˌoʊ.vɚˈiːt
• overwork ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɝːk
• overheat ˌoʊ.vɚˈhiːt

9. sub- (under)

• submarine ˌsʌb.məˈriːn
• subtitle ˈsʌbˌtaɪ.t̬əl
• subconscious ˌsʌbˈkɑːn.ʃəs

10. inter- (between, among)

• international ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈnæʃ.ən.əl
• interact ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈækt
• interrupt ˌɪn.t̬əˈrʌpt

11. trans- (across, beyond)

• transport ˈtræn.spɔːrt
• transfer ˈtræns.fɝː
• transform trænsˈfɔːrm

12. under- (too little, below)

• underpaid ˌʌn.dɚˈpeɪd
• underestimate ˌʌn.dɚˈes.tə.meɪt
• underground ˌʌn.dɚˈɡraʊnd

13. super- (above, beyond)

• superhuman ˌsuː.pɚˈhjuː.mən
• supermarket ˈsuː.pɚˌmɑːr.kɪt
• supervisor ˈsuː.pɚ.vaɪ.zɚ

14. semi- (half, partly)

• semicircle ˈsem.iˌsɝː.kəl
• semifinal ˌsem.iˈfaɪ.nəl
• semiconscious ˌsem.aɪ.ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/

15. anti- (against)

• antibiotic ˌæn.t̬i.baɪˈɑː.t̬ɪk
• antifreeze ˈæn.t̬i.friːz
• antisocial ˌæn.t̬iˈsoʊ.ʃəl

16. de- (down, away from)

• devalue ˌdiːˈvæl.juː
• defrost ˌdiːˈfrɑːst
• decode diːˈkoʊd

17. en- (make, put into)

• enable ɪˈneɪ.bəl
• enrich ɪnˈrɪtʃ
• encourage ɪnˈkɝː.ɪdʒ

18. em- (cause to)

• empower -ˈpaʊr
• embrace ɪmˈbreɪs
• employ ɪmˈplɔɪ

19. non- (not)

• nonexistent ˌnɑn·ɪɡˈzɪs·tənt
• nonsense ˈnɑːn.sens
• nonprofit nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt

20. mid- (middle)

• midnight ˈmɪd.naɪt
• midterm ˈmɪd.tɝːm
• midfield ˈmɪd.fiːld

6.4.2. 常见后缀

1. -able (capable of)

• readable ˈriː.də.bəl
• manageable ˈmæn.ə.dʒə.bəl
• comfortable ˈkʌm.fɚ.t̬ə.bəl

2. -ible (capable of)

• visible ˈvɪz.ə.bəl
• flexible ˈflek.sə.bəl
• edible ˈed.ə.bəl

3. -al (relating to)

• natural ˈnætʃ.ɚ.əl
• musical ˈmjuː.zɪ.kəl
• personal ˈpɝː.sən.əl

4. -ful (full of)

• helpful ˈhelp.fəl
• joyful ˈdʒɔɪ.fəl
• careful ˈker.fəl

5. -less (without)

• hopeless ˈhoʊp.ləs
• fearless ˈfɪr.ləs
• endless ˈend.ləs

6. -ly (in the manner of)

• quickly ˈkwɪk.li
• slowly ˈsloʊ.li
• happily ˈhæp.əl.i

7. -ment (action or process)

• development dɪˈvel.əp.mənt
• agreement əˈɡriː.mənt
• improvement ɪmˈpruːv.mənt

8. -ness (state or quality)

• kindness ˈkaɪnd.nəs
• darkness ˈdɑːrk.nəs
• happiness ˈhæp.i.nəs

9. -er (one who, comparative)

• teacher ˈtiː.tʃɚ
• runner ˈrʌn.ɚ
• faster fæst

10. -or (one who)

• actor ˈæk.tɚ
• inventor ɪnˈven.t̬ɚ
• conductor kənˈdʌk.tɚ

11. -ist (one who practices)

• artist ˈɑːr.t̬ɪst
• scientist ˈsaɪən.tɪst
• pianist ˈpiː.ən.ɪst

12. -ion (action or condition)

• celebration ˌsel.əˈbreɪ.ʃən
• decision dɪˈsɪʒ.ən
• creation kriˈeɪ.ʃən

13. -tion (action or condition)

• education ˌedʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən
• suggestion səˈdʒes.tʃən
• transportation ˌtræn.spɚˈteɪ.ʃən

14. -sion (state or condition)

• admission ədˈmɪʃ.ən
• confusion kənˈfjuː.ʒən
• extension ɪkˈsten.ʃən

15. -ous (full of)

• dangerous ˈdeɪn.dʒɚ.əs
• nervous ˈnɝː.vəs
• famous ˈfeɪ.məs

16. -ive (tending to)

• active ˈæk.tɪv
• creative kriˈeɪ.t̬ɪv
• attractive əˈtræk.tɪv

17. -ic (relating to)

• artistic ɑːrˈtɪs.tɪk
• athletic æθˈlet̬.ɪk
• energetic ˌen.ɚˈdʒet̬.ɪk

18. -ity (state or quality)

• reality riˈæl.ə.t̬i
• ability əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i
• simplicity sɪmˈplɪs.ə.t̬i

19. -ance (state or quality)

• performance pɚˈfɔːr.məns
• importance ɪmˈpɔːr.təns
• acceptance əkˈsep.təns

20. -ence (state or quality)

• difference ˈdɪf.ɚ.əns
• independence ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dəns
• existence ɪɡˈzɪs.təns

6.4.3. 常见词根

1. aqua (water)

• aquarium əˈkwer.i.əm
• aquatic əˈkwæt̬.ɪk
• aqueduct ˈæk.wə.dʌkt

2. aud (hear)

• audience ˈɑː.di.əns
• audio ˈɑː.di.oʊ
• audition ɑːˈdɪʃ.ən

3. bene (good, well)

• benefit ˈben.ə.fɪt
• benevolent bəˈnev.əl.ənt
• benefactor ˈben.ə.fæk.tɚ

4. cent (hundred)

• century ˈsen.tʃər.i
• percent pɚˈsent
• centennial senˈten.i.əl

5. dict (say, speak)

• dictionary ˈdɪk.ʃən.er.i
• predict prɪˈdɪkt
• dictate ˈdɪk.teɪt

6. duc (lead)

• conduct kənˈdʌkt
• produce prəˈduːs
• reduce rɪˈduːs

7. fract (break)

• fracture ˈfræk.tʃɚ
• fraction ˈfræk.ʃən
• infraction ɪnˈfræk.ʃən

8. ject (throw)

• project ˈprɑː.dʒekt
• inject ɪnˈdʒekt
• reject rɪˈdʒekt

9. jud (judge)

• judicial dʒuːˈdɪʃ.əl
• prejudice ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs
• judgment ˈdʒʌdʒ.mənt

10. mal (bad, ill)

• malnutrition ˌmæl.nuːˈtrɪʃ.ən
• malicious məˈlɪʃ.əs
• malfunction ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən

11. mater (mother)

• maternal məˈtɝː.nəl
• maternity məˈtɝː.nə.t̬i
• matriarch ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑːrk

12. mit (send)

• transmit trænsˈmɪt
• admit ədˈmɪt
• submit səbˈmɪt

13. mort (death)

• mortal ˈmɔːr.t̬əl
• mortician mɔːrˈtɪʃ.ən
• mortify ˈmɔːr.t̬ə.faɪ

14. multi (many)

• multiple ˈmʌl.tə.pəl
• multiply ˈmʌl.tə.plaɪ
• multinational ˌmʌl.t̬iˈnæʃ.ən.əl

15. pend (hang, weigh)

• pendant ˈpen.dənt
• suspend səˈspend
• depend dɪˈpend

16. port (carry)

• transport ˈtræn.spɔːrt
• export ˈek.spɔːrt
• import ˈɪm.pɔːrt

17. scrib/script (write)

• describe dɪˈskraɪb
• manuscript ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt
• subscription səbˈskrɪp.ʃən

18. sect/sec (cut)

• section ˈsek.ʃən
• dissect daɪˈsekt
• intersect ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈsekt

19. sent/sens (feel)

• sensation senˈseɪ.ʃən
• sensitive ˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv
• consent kənˈsent

20. spec/spect (look)

• inspect ɪnˈspekt
• spectator spekˈteɪ.t̬ɚ
• spectacle ˈspek.tə.kəl

21. struct (build)

• construct kənˈstrʌkt
• structure ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ
• destruct ˌself.dɪˈstrʌkt

22. tele (far)

• telephone ˈtel.ə.foʊn
• television ˈtel.ə.vɪʒ.ən
• telegraph ˈtel.ə.ɡræf

23. terra (earth)

• terrestrial təˈres.tri.əl
• territory ˈter.ə.tɔːr.i
• terrain təˈreɪn

24. vac (empty)

• vacant ˈveɪ.kənt
• vacuum ˈvæk.juːm
• evacuate ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt

25. vid/vis (see)

• video ˈvɪd.i.oʊ
• vision ˈvɪʒ.ən
• invisible ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl